Neo-Pagans often discuss “paths” or “traditions” as key aspects of their spiritual practice. While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, they carry distinct meanings. Neo-Pagan traditions can be likened to religious denominations, while Neo-Pagan paths are akin to spiritual styles. For instance, Druidry is a path, whereas the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids represents a specific Druid tradition. Some traditions are closed and require initiation, but Neo-Pagans do not need to join a specific tradition to follow a path.
The Diversity of Neo-Pagan Paths
Neo-Pagans identify themselves using various terms such as “Pagans,” “Witches,” “Druids,” or others. Not all who use these titles are Neo-Pagans, but they highlight different approaches to spirituality. Four historical archetypes often represent Neo-Pagan styles:
The Classical Pagan – Inspired by ancient idol worship and nature reverence. The Medieval Witch – Embodying the herbalist and healer on society’s fringes. The Celtic Druid – Symbolizing the sage, poet, and priest of ancient tribes. The Indigenous Shaman – Reflecting the spirit-journeying medicine person.
Neo-Pagans might choose their identifiers based on how closely they resonate with these archetypes.
Provocation and Identity
Terms like “Witch” and “Pagan” often carry deliberate provocations, rejecting mainstream Abrahamic values. As religious scholar Cynthia Eller explains:
“Saying one is a Witch is most often a feminist statement, the symbolic encapsulation of a feminist political program. The Witch is the powerful outsider… threatening the established order.”
Similarly, identifying as a “Pagan” can reject Abrahamic attitudes that diminish nature, the body, and sexuality.
Clarifying the Term “Neo-Pagan”
Those who identify as “Pagan” without further qualifiers are sometimes labeled as “generic Pagans” by others. However, this term can feel dismissive. A parallel exists with non-denominational Christians, who are not called “generic Christians.” The term “Neo-Pagan” helps clarify distinctions between Paganism as an umbrella term and specific paths or traditions within it.
